認(rèn)識(shí)腰痛
腰痛患者常見的10個(gè)問題 原創(chuàng) 2016-03-12 鄧綺珊 運(yùn)動(dòng)醫(yī)學(xué)部落 1 What is low back pain? 什么是下腰痛? Low back pain is a common problem for many people. It can be caused by many different things, but you can easily prevent it by learning how to improve your posture and lift and exercise correctly. 腰痛有多種類型:可以是持續(xù)性的鈍痛,也可以是突然的刺痛(使人不敢運(yùn) 動(dòng)身體)。如果你摔倒或是搬動(dòng)重物,背痛可以迅速發(fā)生;反之,背痛也可 以緩慢地加劇。 2 What can cause low back pain? 腰痛原因有哪些? 腰痛有很多原因。背部的機(jī)械性問題可以造成疼痛。下面列舉了幾種機(jī)械性 問題: 椎間盤破裂 痙攣 肌肉緊張 椎間盤脫出。 扭傷、骨折、意外事故和跌跤也可以導(dǎo)致背痛。 還有其他一些疾病可以導(dǎo)致背痛,比如: 脊柱側(cè)凸 脊椎滑脫癥 關(guān)節(jié)炎 脊髓狹窄 懷孕 腎結(jié)石 感染 子宮內(nèi)膜組織異位形成 纖維肌痛癥。 其他導(dǎo)致背痛的原因包括感染、腫瘤或精神緊張。 3 When is low back pain serious? 我何時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)為腰痛看醫(yī)生? Call your family doctor if: Pain goes down your leg below your knee Your leg, foot, groin or rectal area feels numb You have fever, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, weakness or sweating You lose control over going to the bathroom Your pain was caused by an injury Your pain is so intense you can't move around Your pain doesn't seem to be getting better after 2 to 3 weeks 如果您有下列情形出現(xiàn),則請(qǐng)就醫(yī): 麻木或刺痛 劇烈的疼痛,而且休息后仍不緩解 跌跤或受傷后出現(xiàn)疼痛 疼痛并兼有下列情形: — 排尿困難— 虛弱— 腿部麻木— 發(fā)熱— 在不節(jié)食的情況下出現(xiàn)體重減輕。 4 What can I do for relief when I've hurt my lower back? 如何減緩腰痛? The best position for relief when your back hurts is to lie on your back on the floor with pillows under your knees, with your hips and knees bent and your feet on a chair, or just with your hips and knees bent. This takes the pressure and weight off your back. 可以采取上述屈髖屈膝的體位減緩您的腰痛。急性期建議至少臥床休息1~2天,但是如果休息時(shí)間過長(zhǎng)可能使你的肌肉變?nèi)?,并不利于康?fù)。 5 What else can I do for relief? 我可以采取什么治療方式? Heating pads can help to relax painful muscle spasms. Use heat for 20 to 30 minutes at a time. Ice packs and massages may also give relief. Nonprescription medicines that reduce pain and/or swelling include aspirin, acetaminophen (brand name: Tylenol), naproxen (brand name: Aleve) and ibuprofen (some brand names: Advil, Motrin). 您可以采取物理治療手段、藥物治療、針灸推拿治療等。 6 What's the best position for sitting,stangding or sleeping? 腰痛患者怎樣采取正確的坐姿、站姿和睡姿? Treatment of ongoing back problems must be directed at the cause. This may mean losing weight (because being overweight can make back pain worse), exercising and improving your posture when you're sitting, standing and sleeping. 坐姿: 挺直背或用下腰的支撐坐在椅上上,保持你的膝蓋要高于你的臀部。調(diào)整座椅或者使用一張矮凳子來支撐你的腳。通過移動(dòng)你的整個(gè)身體而不是只是扭腰。 當(dāng)你開車時(shí),座位要向前移動(dòng)和坐直。這能幫助你不用躬屈向前去伸手抓方向盤,如果你必須開車要坐很久的話你可以放一個(gè)小枕頭或者卷起的毛巾在你的背后。 站姿: 站立時(shí)肩膀要平直放松,胸部微向前傾,下腹內(nèi)收挺直,保持腰部的正?;《龋贡巢考∪夥潘?,盡量避免身體傾斜。如果需要長(zhǎng)時(shí)間站立工作,幾分鐘應(yīng)活動(dòng)一下,在站立的過程中,要學(xué)會(huì)放松調(diào)節(jié)自己。同時(shí),要避免穿高跟鞋長(zhǎng)時(shí)間站立工作。 睡姿: 最好的睡眠姿勢(shì)是兩腿彎曲,你需要放一個(gè)枕頭在頭的下面支撐你的脖子,你要放一個(gè)枕頭在兩個(gè)膝蓋之間, 如果仰臥,建議放一個(gè)枕頭在膝蓋下面和一個(gè)小枕頭在背部下面,不建議俯臥除非你把枕頭放在髖部。 使用一個(gè)堅(jiān)固的床墊。如果你的床墊太柔軟,需要二分之一的木板放在床墊下增加支撐。 7 Tips for preventing back strain? 如何預(yù)防下腰痛? 不要彎腰撿東西,通過彎曲膝蓋和蹲下來?yè)鞏|西。保持背部挺直,物品靠近自己身體,避免扭曲自己的身體。 推而不是拉你必須移動(dòng)的重物。 如果你必須坐在辦公桌或汽車上很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的話,停下來伸展一下。 穿較低的高跟鞋或平底鞋(1英尺或更低)。 定期鍛煉,不運(yùn)動(dòng)的生活方式會(huì)出現(xiàn)腰痛。 8 What exercises can I do to strengthen my back? 如何鍛煉? Standing hamstring stretch 腘繩肌牽伸(站立) Do 10 to 25 repetitions, then relax. Donot attempt this exercise if the pain is too severe. This exercise buildsstrength in the lower back area. 10~25次,如果太疼痛,不要嘗試這個(gè)練習(xí) Quadruped arm/leg raise 四點(diǎn)跪位(伸上肢/腿) Keeping your knees bent, squeeze thebuttocks and hold for a second or two,then relax. Do 10 repetitions. This isanother strength-buildingexercise. 保持1~2秒,重復(fù)10次 Pull one knee toward your chest and holda second. Extend the otherleg out atthe same time. Stretch the back muscle onone side, then repeat withthe otherleg. Repeat 10 times. Discontinue theexercise if pain is overbearing. Gluteal stretch臀肌牽伸 Pull one knee toward your chest and holda second. Extend the other leg out at the same time. Stretch the back muscle onone side, then repeat with the other leg. Repeat 10 times. Discontinue theexercise if pain is overbearing. 將一側(cè)膝關(guān)節(jié)拉向胸前,保持1s,重復(fù)10次。如果痛苦持續(xù),停止運(yùn)動(dòng)。 Cat and camel A helpful starting exercise iscontrolled,gentle spine movement with the Cat & Camel. First arch your backup towardthe ceiling, like an angry cat. Increase the movement with a deepinhale. Thenexhale, tighten (or brace) your abdominals, drop your chest towardthe floorand lift your head slightly as shown. Repeat this exercise 10 times. 首先向上弓起你的背,就像一個(gè)憤怒的貓。運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)加強(qiáng)深吸氣,然后呼氣,收緊腹部,放平軀干,抬起頭,如圖所示。重復(fù)動(dòng)作10次。調(diào)整脊柱運(yùn)動(dòng)協(xié)調(diào)。 Pelvic tilt骨盆前傾 Staying in the same position, bring bothknees up together and holdthatposition for a second or two. Drop your feet tothe floor and repeat again.Do this 10 times. 每次1~2秒, 重復(fù)動(dòng)作10次。 Partial curl 軀干旋轉(zhuǎn) Hold the position for 5 to 7seconds,release and relax for 2~3 seconds before repeating. 保持5~7秒,之間休息2~3秒,重復(fù)10次 Extension exerise 軀干伸展訓(xùn)練 Hold the position for 5 to 7seconds,release and relax for 2~3 seconds before repeating. 保持5~7秒,之間休息2~3秒,重復(fù)10次 Side Plank 側(cè)向支撐 Hold the position for 5 to 7seconds,release and relax for 2~3 seconds before repeating. 保持5~7秒,之間休息2~3秒,重復(fù)5次 圖片摘自:美國(guó)JOSPT(骨科和運(yùn)動(dòng)物理治療雜志) 9 I’ve heard a lot about core strength. Will improving my core strength help? What kind of exercises make my core stronger? 我聽說很多關(guān)于核心力量,提高自己的核心力量會(huì)有幫助嗎?那一類的核心訓(xùn)練適合我? 圖片摘自:美國(guó)JOSPT(骨科和運(yùn)動(dòng)物理治療雜志) 10 When need surgery? 什么情況下需要考慮手術(shù)治療? 大部分患有慢性背痛的人不需要接受手術(shù)。手術(shù)通常是在其他療法不起效果的情況下用于 治療慢性背痛。如果您有下列病癥,則可能需要接受手術(shù): 椎間盤脫出。當(dāng)一個(gè)或多個(gè)保護(hù)脊椎骨的椎間盤受到損害,椎間盤中央的果凍樣的核心 會(huì)漏出, 造成疼痛。 脊髓狹窄。這一疾病造成脊椎管腔變得狹窄。 脊椎滑脫癥。脊柱中的一塊或多塊骨骼滑脫出正常位置,造成脊椎狹窄。? 脊柱骨折。造成脊柱骨折的原因包括對(duì)脊柱的打擊或是骨質(zhì)疏鬆癥導(dǎo)致的骨骼鬆解。? 退行性椎間盤疾病。隨著人的衰老,有的人的椎間盤會(huì)破裂,造成劇烈的疼痛。 腫瘤、感染或是馬尾綜合征(一種神經(jīng)根疾?。┰斐杀惩吹那闆r比較少見。如有以上情況, 病人需要立即接受手術(shù),以緩解疼痛和預(yù)防其他的併發(fā)癥。