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陶可主治醫(yī)師 北京大學(xué)人民醫(yī)院 骨關(guān)節(jié)科 股骨頸骨折內(nèi)固定失敗原因分析:復(fù)位不充分伴隨固定不牢靠,骨量不足和鍛煉不到位,2002年ClinOrthopRelatRes.Youngpatient:Inadequatereductioncloselyfollowedbyinadequatefixation.Olderpatient:Inadequatebonedensityandinadequatepatientreliability.作者:LanceSEstrada,DavidAVolgas,JamesPStannard,JorgeEAlonso作者單位:DivisionofOrthopaedicSurgery,UniversityofAlabamaatBirmingham,15303AvenueSouth,Birmingham,AL35294-3295,USA.譯者:陶可(北京大學(xué)人民醫(yī)院骨關(guān)節(jié)科)摘要與任何其他骨折相比,股骨頸骨折內(nèi)固定與更高的并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率相關(guān)。切開復(fù)位和內(nèi)固定的骨不連和缺血性壞死率仍然高得令人無(wú)法接受。這些并發(fā)癥是在老年患者出現(xiàn)移位骨折的情況下采用原發(fā)性股骨頭內(nèi)假體置換的主要原因。然而,隨著這些假體患者壽命的延長(zhǎng),股骨頭內(nèi)假體置換的晚期并發(fā)癥變得越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重。對(duì)于這些并發(fā)癥,大多數(shù)患者股骨頸骨折最具成本效益的解決方案可能是切開復(fù)位內(nèi)固定,必要時(shí)對(duì)有并發(fā)癥的患者進(jìn)行全髖關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)。由于文獻(xiàn)沒有對(duì)內(nèi)固定失敗原因的系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià),作者將嘗試回顧年輕和老年患者內(nèi)固定失敗的常見原因,以更好地了解和預(yù)防這些并發(fā)癥。文獻(xiàn)出處:LanceSEstrada,DavidAVolgas,JamesPStannard,JorgeEAlonso.Fixationfailureinfemoralneckfractures.Review,ClinOrthopRelatRes.2002Jun;(399):110-8.doi:10.1097/00003086-200206000-00013.FixationfailureinfemoralneckfracturesAbstractFixationoffemoralneckfracturesisassociatedwithahigherincidenceofcomplicationsthananyotherfracture.Theratesofnonunionandavascularnecrosiswithopenreductionandinternalfixationcontinuetobeunacceptablyhigh.Thesecomplicationsarethemainreasonforresortingtoprimaryendoprostheticreplacementofthefemoralheadinthepresenceofdisplacedfracturesinelderlypatients.However,withtheincreasinglifespanofthepatientswiththeseprostheses,latecomplicationsofendoprostheticreplacementofthefemoralheadarebecomingsignificant.Withthesecomplications,itmaybearguedthatthemostcost-effectivesolutiontothefemoralneckfractureinthemajorityofpatientsisopenreductionandinternalfixation,withelectiveconversion,whennecessary,tototalhiparthroplastyinpatientswhohaveacomplication.Becausetheliteraturedoesnotcontainasystematicreviewofreasonsforfailureofinternalfixation,theauthorswillattempttoreviewthecommonmeansoffailureofinternalfixationinyoungandolderpatientsinanattempttobetterunderstandandpreventthesecomplications.Fig1.AnAPradiographshowsanonreducedfemoralneckfractureinvaruswithscrewthreadsacrossthefractureline.圖1.前后位X線片顯示內(nèi)翻未復(fù)位的股骨頸骨折,螺紋釘穿過(guò)骨折線。Fig2.AnAPradiographofa32-year-oldwomanwithafemoralneckfractureandatransverseposteriorwallacetabularfractureafterahigh-energymotorvehicleaccidentisshow.圖2.一名32歲女性在高能量機(jī)動(dòng)車事故后股骨頸骨折和髖臼后壁橫向骨折的前后位APX線片。Fig3.AnAPradiographshowsanassociatedfemoralshaftfractureandfemoralneckfracturetreatedwithantegradenailandcannulatedscrewsoutsidethenailfixingthefemoralneckfracture.圖3.前后位X線片顯示相關(guān)的股骨干骨折和股骨頸骨折,使用順行髓內(nèi)釘和釘外空心螺釘固定股骨頸骨折。Fig4.Aschematicrepresentationofafemoralneckfracturereducedinvalgus“hatonahook”withgoodpositioningofthescrewsisshown.圖4.股骨頸骨折的示意圖顯示了外翻“帽子上的鉤子”復(fù)位,螺釘定位良好。Fig5.Aradiographshowsahigh-anglefractureinayoungmalewhohadscrewfixation.Thispatienthadanonuniondevelop.圖5.X線片顯示一名接受螺釘內(nèi)固定的年輕男性的大角度(PIII型,股骨頸骨折斷端角度大于50度)骨折,該患者出現(xiàn)骨不連。Fig6.AnAPradiographshowsafemoralneckfracturetreatedwithKnowlespinsinanelderlypatient.Thispatienthadavascularnecrosisofthefemoralheaddevelop.圖6.前后位APX線片顯示用諾爾斯針治療老年患者的股骨頸骨折。該患者發(fā)生股骨頭缺血性壞死。2022年02月03日
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